NativeMessage 是 Chrome 提供的一个 Desktop App 可以与 Chrome 插件进行跨进程通信的机制,请正确的配置 manifest file 权限 nativeMessaging
,并由插件启动桌面通信进程即可。
演示项目:NativeMessage
Chrome starts each native messaging host in a separate process and communicates with it using standard input (stdin) and standard output (stdout). The same format is used to send messages in both directions: each message is serialized using JSON, UTF-8 encoded and is preceded with 32-bit message length in native byte order. The maximum size of a single message from the native messaging host is 1 MB, mainly to protect Chrome from misbehaving native applications. The maximum size of the message sent to the native messaging host is 4 GB.
我们使用 Swift 实现了两个函数 SendMessage 和 RecvMessage ,来处理通信。但它 NativeMessage 还是有一些细节问题需要注意:
配置
在进程启动之前,必须将一份启动的配置清单,写入 Chrome 安装目录下的 NativeMessagingHosts,清单格式如下:
Copy {
"name": "com.google.chrome.tray.echo",
"description": "Chrome Native Messaging API Example Host",
"type": "stdio",
"path":"/Users/xiangwenwen/tray.app/Contents/MacOS/tray",
"allowed_origins": [
"chrome-extension://knldjmfmopnpolahpmmgbagdohdnhkik/"
]
}
Connect
跨应用的进程通信必须由 Chrome Extension 来启动,Google 给我们提供了 connect 用于此,如:
Copy function sendNativeMessage() {
message = {"text": document.getElementById('input-text').value};
port.postMessage(message);
appendMessage("Sent message: <b>" + JSON.stringify(message) + "</b>");
}
function onNativeMessage(message) {
appendMessage("Received message: <b>" + JSON.stringify(message) + "</b>");
}
function onDisconnected() {
appendMessage("Failed to connect: " + chrome.runtime.lastError.message);
port = null;
updateUiState();
}
function connect() {
var hostName = "com.google.chrome.tray.echo";
appendMessage("Connecting to native messaging host <b>" + hostName + "</b>")
port = chrome.runtime.connectNative(hostName);
console.log(port)
port.onMessage.addListener(onNativeMessage);
port.onDisconnect.addListener(onDisconnected);
updateUiState();
}
hostName
是由你在配置清单中的 name
字段,当你在 Chrome 浏览器中执行上述的代码,Chrome 会在 NativeMessagingHosts 目录中找到你要跨进程通信的 Path ,并由 Chrome 主动调起将 Pipe 重定向到 Chrome。
SendMessage 函数
得到即将发送字符串的长度,先将长度发送过去,最后再发送字符串。由于print打印的数据是写入在缓冲区,并未真正的完成发送,因此最后需要调用fflush确认:
Copy func sendMessage(msg: String){
let data = "{\"echo\":\"\(msg)\"}"
let len = data.characters.count
print(Character(UnicodeScalar((UInt8)((len >> 0) & 0xff))), terminator:"")
print(Character(UnicodeScalar((UInt8)((len >> 8) & 0xff))), terminator:"")
print(Character(UnicodeScalar((UInt8)((len >> 16) & 0xff))), terminator:"")
print(Character(UnicodeScalar((UInt8)((len >> 24) & 0xff))), terminator:"")
print(data, terminator:"")
fflush(__stdoutp)
}
RecvMessage
读取消息时也需要先获取前4个bytes,得到真实消息的长度,然后substring(from:),从而得到真实的消息体。
Copy func recvMessage(){
while true {
let message_stdin = FileHandle.standardInput
let message = String(data: message_stdin.availableData , encoding: .utf8)!
let start = message.index(message.startIndex, offsetBy: 4)
let text = message.substring(from: start)
DispatchQueue.main.async {
self.showMesg.stringValue = text
}
}
}
从官方文档上来看,这个API的细节处理暴露的并不是很多,调试还是挺困难的,有时候发生了错误,并不能明确快速的知道错误发生在哪里。整体的机制其实和socket编程挺类似的,前4个bytes存储的就是真实消息的长度,告诉对方,怎么获取到真实的消息。